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4 Questions Plan Sponsors Should Ask to Understand the Similarities and Differences Between 401(k) and 403(b) Plans

1. Which employers can offer a 403(b) plan? Public education organizations such as public elementary and high schools, state colleges and universities, and boards of education. 501(c)(3) nonprofit organizations such as private schools, research facilities, private hospitals, charities, social welfare agencies, healthcare organizations, and religious institutions. Grandfathered Indian tribal governments. Certain religious ministers of a church or related religious organizations. 2. Which employers can offer a 401(k) plan? Almost any type of company may offer a 401(k) plan. Most private, for-profit companies are eligible.  Many tax-exempt, non-profit organizations have a choice between sponsoring a 401(k), a 403(b), or both. 3. How are 401(k) and 403(b) plans similar? Have the same 402(g) elective deferral contribution limits. For 2016, elective deferrals cannot exceed $18,000.  Allow the additional catch-up contribution for employees over age 50. For 2016, the maximum catch-up contribut

6 Questions Plan Sponsors Should Ask About Safe Harbor Plans

1. What are safe harbor plans? Safe harbor plans are retirement plans that generally satisfy the non-discrimination rules for elective deferrals and employer matching contributions and therefore are appealing to organizations that are at risk of failing the ADP and ACP tests (see below). Safe harbor plans can be offered with the same flexible features as traditional retirement plans, including eligibility, participant loans, and distributions. However, employers must satisfy certain contribution, vesting, and notice requirements and employers may not apply allocation conditions to safe harbor contributions (e.g., last day of employment requirement, 1,000 hours in the year requirement, etc.). 2. What is non-discrimination testing? Generally, the U.S. Government wants to ensure that plans do not favor highly compensated employees (HCEs) over non-highly compensated employees (NHCEs). The government established required compliance tests to verify all employees have fair representation in a

7 Questions Plan Fiduciaries Should Ask About Target Date Fund Strategies

1. What is a Qualified Default Investment Alternative (QDIA)? The Pension Protection Act of 2006 (PPA) encouraged employers to adopt automatic enrollment features for their participant‐directed plans by providing a new type of fiduciary liability relief for “default investments,” or Qualified Default Investment Alternatives (QDIAs). A QDIA is used when a participant fails to make his or her own election. An investment must have specific qualifications to be considered a QDIA. Importantly, a QDIA’s asset allocation strategy need only take into account participant age, and does not need to consider an individual participant’s risk tolerance or other investment assets. One of four types of allowable QDIA’s, Target Date Funds (TDFs) were the QDIA in 95% of retirement plans in 2015 (Source: Vanguard, 2016). 2. What due diligence should plan fiduciaries perform when choosing a TDF? Target Date Funds were among the four types of investments given QDIA status in 2006 by the PPA. Plan fiduciari

12 Questions Retirement Plan Sponsors Should Ask about Adding An Automatic Enrollment Arrangement

1. What is an Automatic Enrollment Arrangement? Traditionally, defined contribution retirement plans have required employees to affirmatively choose to save money in the plan through salary deferral. Today’s plans that adopt automatic enrollment are encouraging employees to save by making salary deferral the default, requiring them to opt-out or choose not to contribute to the plan 2. What are the different types of Automatic Enrollment Arrangements? Arrangement Type Features – Must be stated in the Plan Document and timely communicated to employees Basic Automatic Enrollment Employees will be auto enrolled unless they opt-out. Specifies the percentage of an employee’s wages that will be automatically deducted. Employees may choose not to withhold salary deferrals, or to elect a different percentage to be withheld. Eligible Automatic Contribution Arrangement Similar to the Basic Automatic Enrollment, but has specific notice requirements. An EACA can allow automatically enrolled partic

8 Questions Plan Sponsors Should Ask About Adding a Roth Feature

1. What is a Roth? According to the  2015 PLANSPONSOR Defined Contribution Survey , 62% of all defined contribution plans, across multiple industries now offer a Roth feature. Among 403(b) plans, 54.7% have adopted this popular design feature. A Roth is not a separate retirement plan, but simply an additional source of contributions accepted by the plan and record-kept separately so the rules applicable to Roth contributions can be followed. Once adopted, plan sponsors must give participants an opportunity at least once per plan year to make designated Roth contributions. The basic difference between a traditional 401(k) or 403(b) and a Roth is when a participant pays taxes. Within a traditional 401(k) or 403(b), participants make contributions with pre-tax dollars, and receive a tax break up front, effectively lowering their current income tax bill. Their contributions and earnings grow tax-deferred until they take a distribution. At that time, withdrawals are considered to be ordinar

2016 Employee Benefits Survey Offers Insight into Cost and Compliance Challenges

HANYS Benefit Services’ 2016 Employee Benefits Survey, Understanding the Strategic Value of Health Benefits , highlights the need to take a multi-faceted approach when designing a cost-efficient and competitive benefits package. A benefits package must be structured in a way that is competitive and controls costs, without shortchanging employee health and wellbeing. To achieve this delicate balance, employers are increasingly seeking guidance on compliance and plan design. “This survey helped call to attention the increasingly complex circumstances under which employee benefit plans are constructed,” said James J. Kelley, President, HANYS Benefit Services. “Employers still need to design plans that are cost effective without a negative impact on recruitment or retention of key employees. The message is clear that the best way to accomplish this goal is to use creative strategies and seek professional guidance on regulations.” Key takeaways from the 2016 HBS survey : Employee benefit r
Register for our live webinar: Retirement Plan Law Suits on the Rise A number of prestigious colleges and universities, including several Ivy League schools, have recently appeared in the headlines as defendants in class action lawsuits relative to their retirement plans. Starting in 2006, the law firm of Schlichter, Bogard and Denton filed a bevy of lawsuits against corporate giants relative to the 401(k) plans sponsored by each corporation. A common thread through all of the suits was excessive fees, but the overarching theme was the alleged failure on the part of the plan fiduciaries to fulfill their fiduciary responsibilities and obligations. Settlements have been reached in several of the suits, resulting in settlement amounts in the tens of millions of dollars. Lawyers on behalf of retirement plan participants are now setting their sights on non-profit institutions, including one hospital in New York. This is a wake-up call to all non-profit organizations to make sure their retir

UPDATED REPORT! Report Offers Steps for Building an Optimal Retirement Plan Investment Menu

A retirement plan’s overarching goals are to help participants accumulate wealth during their years of employment and to provide them with income during their retirement. The challenge for fiduciaries is to successfully navigate the options available and build an optimal investment menu that is designed to guide participant choices and improve their retirement readiness. Since plan fiduciaries may be exposed to personal liability, it is prudent to have a process in place for the selection and monitoring of investment options. HANYS Benefit Services has outlined a four-step process for constructing an optimal investment menu that: fosters ERISA compliance; provides desirable investment choices for plan participants; and impacts retirement outcomes. Read  4 Steps to Building an Optimal Retirement Plan Lineup for Participants  to learn more. If you have any questions, or would like to begin talking to a retirement plan advisor, please get in touch by calling (800) 388-1963 or e-mail us at

Understanding Custom vs. Proprietary Target Date Funds

Target date funds (TDFs) are characterized as either proprietary or custom. The U.S. Department of Labor encourages plan fiduciaries to consider a custom solution. Custom TDFs are typically offered in separate account or collective trust vehicles. These vehicles are not registered as investment companies under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and therefore are precluded from use in 403(b) plans. Proprietary TDFs are defined as pre‐packaged investments that usually are comprised of underlying mutual funds of a single investment firm. Therefore, it can be challenging to ensure “best in class” managers are offered across the underlying funds within the proprietary TDF. Morningstar, Inc., a leading investment analysis firm, considers it a best practice for target date managers to continually assess the stand-alone merit of each underlying fund used within their target-date series. Custom TDFs are created by the retirement plan sponsor, who ultimately becomes responsible for choosing the

Target Date Fund Basic Definitions - Part 2

The U.S. Department of Labor's Employee Benefits Security Administration issued tips intended to help plan sponsors select and monitor target date funds (TDFs) in their investment lineups. These target date fund basic definitions will help plan fiduciaries navigate the Department of Labor Tips for ERISA Plan Fiduciaries. Asset classes  are groups of securities that exhibit similar characteristics. The three main asset classes are equities (stock), fixed-income (bonds), and cash. Additional asset classes that may be employed within a target date fund are: world bond, emerging markets, and/or real assets like commodities and real estate investment trusts (REITs). Risk  is the probability or likelihood that an investment’s actual return will be different from the expected return. This includes the possibility of losing some or all of the original investment. Volatility  refers to the relative rate at which the price of a security moves up or down. Certain investments are more volatile

Guidelines for Reviewing Target Date Funds

In 2013, the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employee Benefits Security Administration issued tips intended to help plan sponsors select and monitor target date funds (TDFs) in their investment lineups. It is incumbent on plan fiduciaries to establish a process or fiduciary best practice for comparing and selecting target date strategies, especially when they serve as the plan’s Qualified Default Investment Alternative (QDIA). Fiduciaries should implement a process to perform periodic reviews to have a clear understanding of the investments and how they will change over time, and to compare the funds’ fees. Target date funds automatically adjust their asset mixes to become more conservative as investors approach retirement age. This shift in the asset allocation over time is called the TDF’s glide path. Some TDFs’ glide paths are managed “to” retirement, while others are managed “through” retirement. Risk Level at Retirement Comparison of “ to ” versus “ through ” funds © 2015 Morningstar

Target Date Fund Basic Definitions - Part 1

The U.S. Department of Labor's Employee Benefits Security Administration issued tips intended to help plan sponsors select and monitor target date funds (TDFs) in their investment lineups. These target date fund basic definitions will help plan fiduciaries navigate the Department of Labor Tips for ERISA Plan Fiduciaries. Target date funds  automatically adjust their asset mix to become more conservative as an employee gets closer to his or her target retirement date. QDIA  is a default investment option chosen by a plan fiduciary for participants who fail to make their own investment election. The Pension Protection Act of 2006 approved target date funds as a QDIA. Glide path  refers to the target date fund’s shift in asset allocation over time. Fiduciaries should understand the target date fund’s glide path and be comfortable that it is appropriate for their participant demographics. Fiduciaries should know whether the glide path uses a  “to retirement”  or  “through retirement”  

Using Target Date Funds as a QDIA

The Pension Protection Act of 2006 (PPA) encouraged employers to adopt automatic enrollment features for their participant‐directed plans by providing a new type of fiduciary liability relief for “default investments,” or Qualified Default Investment Alternatives (QDIAs). A QDIA is used when a participant fails to make his or her own election. An investment must have specific qualifications to be considered a QDIA. Importantly, a QDIA’s asset allocation strategy need only take into account participant age, and does not need to consider an individual participant’s risk tolerance or other investment assets. The three general categories that may be used for a QDIA are life‐cycle or target date funds (TDFs), balanced funds, or managed accounts. Target retirement date funds have overwhelmingly become the favored QDIA choice among fiduciaries.  Target date mutual fund assets grew to $763 billion by December 31, 2015. In 2015, $69 billion in net new monies were invested into the funds. This w

Fiduciary Checklist for Target Date Fund Decisions

As target date funds continue to garner a significant portion of retirement plan assets, it becomes increasingly important for plan fiduciaries to establish a process for comparing and selecting target date strategies. HANYS Benefit Services has created a Fiduciary Checklist for Target Date Fund Decisions . Download the attached checklist to help plan fiduciaries stay compliant and feel confident they are following the Department of Labor Tips for ERISA Plan Fiduciaries. If you have any questions, or would like to begin talking to a retirement plan advisor, please get in touch by calling (800) 388-1963 or e-mail us at h bs@hanys.org .

Plan Health: Here’s why you’re here

To assess plan health, comprehensive Annual Plan Reviews continue to be of value, and plan providers are developing more concise versions of the report — offered on paper or online. According to the Lincoln Financial Group study, You are here: Understanding financial wellness, retirement readiness and plan health , plan sponsors use plan health data to get quick, timely updates on employee retirement preparedness levels and to help meet their goals by leveraging data to make informed plan design decisions. Next steps for plan sponsors Review year-over-year trends to identify patterns and opportunities. Compare your plan by industry, asset size, and number of participants to set competitive goals. Work with your provider to optimize participant data to help limit assumptions and provide more accurate reporting. Continue to monitor traditional success measures — balances, contribution rates and diversification — while adding new metrics, such as income replacement rates. Work with your p

Retirement Readiness: Where do you need to be?

In the Lincoln Financial Group study, You are here: Understanding financial wellness, retirement readiness and plan health, plan providers agree that retirement readiness is unique to each individual. A single, accurate income replacement rate does not completely define retirement readiness. Yet, replacement rate is the one measure that seems to be gaining momentum among plan sponsors. Whether plan participants need between 70% and 85% of pre-retirement income, or whether they plan to retire at age 62, 65, 67 or older, plan sponsors are unanimous in the belief that translating assets to potential income is critical. Take action on retirement readiness: Work with your recordkeeper, plan advisors and consultants to generate greater employee engagement, and seek an approach that makes it easy for participants to take action. Ask for employee communications to demonstrate the benefits and impacts of measured, realistic, small steps and to promote content that’s neither simplistic nor cond

Financial Wellness: You could be someplace better

In the Lincoln Financial Group study, You are here: Understanding financial wellness, retirement readiness and plan health , plan sponsors reported that employees need financial education, and they believe instituting a financial wellness program leads to improved job performance and increased employee loyalty. The industry defines “financial wellness” as a program of financial topics delivered through multiple channels to help people minimize their financial challenges. Financial wellness is aspirational, and the path to wellness for participants involves setting reasonable goals and taking positive steps forward. As financial wellness programs become more prevalent and significant over the next few years, we anticipate closer alignment with health and wellness programs. New service providers and program opportunities are rapidly emerging. Best practice considerations: Talk with your retirement plan provider, advisor or consultant about available financial wellness resources. Survey p

Understanding financial wellness, retirement readiness and plan health

In the study, You are here: Understanding financial wellness, retirement readiness and plan health , the Lincoln Financial Group explored three emerging trends in retirement plan administration. Financial wellness programs . Similar to health wellness programs, financial wellness programs can be adopted by a plan sponsor to improve an individual’s financial health so he or she can accomplish specific financial goals, such as saving amounts sufficient for retirement. In many cases, low participation and savings rates in retirement plans are the results of an inability to save due to financial challenges, such as poor budgeting and credit card debt. Retirement readiness communications. Retirement readiness communications are designed to help participants understand how much income they may need to achieve their retirement goals, whether their savings are on track, and how any shortfalls can be addressed. For plan sponsors, retirement readiness indicators provide an opportunity to monitor

Automatic Features in Defined Contribution Plans

According to the 2014 Retirement Plan Survey conducted by HANYS Benefit Services, approximately one-half of the responding retirement plan sponsors offer automatic enrollment. Offered in conjunction with automatic escalation, such features can positively impact participant behavior and improve retirement readiness. This article examines some best practices to be considered when implementing automatic features in defined contribution plans that can produce greater results per dollar of employer cost. Background The utilization of automatic features in defined contribution plans has increased significantly since they were first introduced as part of the Pension Protection Act of 2006 (PPA). More plans are adopting these provisions, resulting in higher participation rates among employees. Although this is a positive trend, certain design features actually thwart the success that could otherwise be achieved. Specifically: relatively low default deferral rates result in lower savings; autom

Using Investment Menu Design to Improve Participant Outcomes

Many participants lack the ability, time, and/or desire to effectively make sound investment decisions and manage their accounts on an ongoing basis. Traditionally, many plan sponsors felt their responsibility was to offer a broad range of investment options together with employee education. The results, all too often, were that participants were overwhelmed with choice and rarely availed themselves of the education. In recent years, the trend has been to limit the number of investment options and guide participant behavior. The investment menu structure may be just as important as the actual investment options themselves. An effective menu design will address the various participant behaviors: Properly done, a well-designed investment menu can direct behaviors and give participants the confidence they need to feel comfortable with their investment decisions. Read Improving Participant Outcomes: An Action Plan for Plan Sponsors and start developing your action plan to improve particip

Using Plan Design to Improve Participant Outcomes

Plan sponsors should review their current plan design features and consider how they drive participant behavior. Studies have shown that participants will often choose deferral rates at a level to obtain the maximum employer match. By stretching out the matching formula, the employer cost stays the same but the employee is encouraged to save more. For example, a plan that matches 100% on the first 5% could move to a 50% match on the first 10% of salary. The employer cost remains constant at 5% while at the same time employees are motivated to contribute up to the 10% level. It is important to limit participants’ ability to use the money for something other than its intended purpose: retirement. Plan sponsors should consider limiting, if not eliminating, loan availability within their plans. Participants rarely understand the true impact of taking a loan from their account—“borrowing from themselves” is a common justification employees use. Although the current economic environment may

What's Driving the Recent Stock Market Volatility?

January 2016 was a particularly difficult month for equity investors, with the major U.S. equity indices in correction territory. China's economic slowdown and negative earnings in the energy sector are the most commonly cited factors for the possibility of a global economic slowdown. This paper, What's Driving the Recent Stock Market Volatility? , provides retirement plan fiduciaries and investors insight into the stock market volatility, including: the role of China and the energy sector as market drivers;  "dashboard" metrics showing where equity investors should focus their attention in 2016;  an analysis of the long-term relationship between corporate earnings trends and S&P 500 Index performance; and  an overview of the price/earnings (P/E) ratio and how much investors are willing to pay for those earnings.  If you have any questions about this paper , or would like to begin talking to a trusted advisor, then please get in touch by calling (800) 388-1963

Participant Outcomes vs. Participation Rates: How to Succeed in Both Areas

Until recently, participant outcomes were not a great concern to most plan sponsors; even now, a relatively few number of plan sponsors use income replacement as a measure of plan success. A recent survey conducted by PLANSPONSOR magazine showed just 3.5% of plan sponsors use projected retirement income as a metric to assess their plans. 1 Instead, the goal was to offer a plan with good investment choices, competitive fees, and a recordkeeping platform that would minimize the administrative burden on the employer. Due to industry pressures and technology advances, the unbundling of these programs has driven down administrative costs and provided better choices to employees. However, the decisions of if and how to participate in the plan remain with the employee. The same factors contributing to lower administrative costs and improved investment selection also drove an increase in the complexity of the plan, at least as perceived by the employee. Although plans were now “better,” they